to be listless

oscĭto, āre, v. n., and oscĭtor, āri, v. dep. ( inf. oscitarier, Turp. ap. Non. 322, 18; or Com. Rel. v. 15 Rib.) [oscieo], to open the mouth wide, to gape.

Of plants, to open, unclose: oscitat in campis caput a cervice revulsum, of the plant lion's-mouth, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 10, 396; cf. Col. 10, 260; and:

(arborum) folia cotidie ad solem oscitant,

turn towards the sun, Plin. 16, 24, 36, § 88.—

Of living beings, to gape, yawn:

ut pandiculans oscitatur,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; * Lucr. 3, 1065:

clare ac sonore oscitavit,

Gell. 4, 20, 8.— With acc.:

quid adhuc oscitamus crapulam hesternam,

August. Ver. Rel. 3.—

Trop., to be listless, drowsy, inactive (cf.:

dormio. sterto): cum majores (calamitates) impendere videantur, sedetis et oscitamini,

i. e. are listless, idle, negligent, Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48; cf. the foll.—Hence, oscĭtans, antis, P. a., listless, sluggish, lazy, negligent (class.):

interea oscitantes opprimi,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 10: quae Epicurus oscitans allucinatus est, qs. half asleep, Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 72.—Of abstract things:

oscitans et dormitans sapientia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144.—

* Adv.: oscĭtanter, carelessly, negligently:

quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

Cic. Brut. 80, 277.

oscĭto, āre, v. n., and oscĭtor, āri, v. dep. ( inf. oscitarier, Turp. ap. Non. 322, 18; or Com. Rel. v. 15 Rib.) [oscieo], to open the mouth wide, to gape.

Of plants, to open, unclose: oscitat in campis caput a cervice revulsum, of the plant lion's-mouth, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 10, 396; cf. Col. 10, 260; and:

(arborum) folia cotidie ad solem oscitant,

turn towards the sun, Plin. 16, 24, 36, § 88.—

Of living beings, to gape, yawn:

ut pandiculans oscitatur,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; * Lucr. 3, 1065:

clare ac sonore oscitavit,

Gell. 4, 20, 8.— With acc.:

quid adhuc oscitamus crapulam hesternam,

August. Ver. Rel. 3.—

Trop., to be listless, drowsy, inactive (cf.:

dormio. sterto): cum majores (calamitates) impendere videantur, sedetis et oscitamini,

i. e. are listless, idle, negligent, Auct. Her. 4, 36, 48; cf. the foll.—Hence, oscĭtans, antis, P. a., listless, sluggish, lazy, negligent (class.):

interea oscitantes opprimi,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 10: quae Epicurus oscitans allucinatus est, qs. half asleep, Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 72.—Of abstract things:

oscitans et dormitans sapientia,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144.—

* Adv.: oscĭtanter, carelessly, negligently:

quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

Cic. Brut. 80, 277.

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

lazy, listless, inert, sluggish cowardly, a coward.

—

ignāvus, a, um, adj. [in-gnavus, navus], inactive, lazy, slothful, idle, sluggish, listless, without spirit, cowardly, dastardly (syn.: iners, socors; opp.: strenuus, alacer, fortis).

Lit., of living beings (freq. and class.):

homines,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 49:

si non fecero Ei male aliquo pacto, me esse dicito ignavissimum,

id. Bacch. 3, 6, 27:

quid ergo ille ignavissumus mi latitabat?

id. Trin. 4, 2, 82; 1, 2, 128; id. Poen. 4, 2, 24:

homo inertior, ignavior, magis vir inter mulieres proferri non potest,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192:

ignavus miles ac timidus,

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54; cf.:

compertum habeo, milites neque ex ignavo strenuum neque fortem ex timido exercitum oratione imperatoris fieri,

Sall. C. 58, 1:

feroces et inquieti inter socios, ignavi et imbelles inter hostes,

Liv. 26, 2, 11:

ignavissimus ac fugacissimus hostis,

id. 5, 28, 8:

ignavissimi homines (opp.: fortissimi viri),

Sall. C. 12 fin.:

canis Ignavus adversum lupos,

Hor. Epod. 6, 2:

(apes) Ignavaeque fame et contracto frigore pigrae,

Verg. G. 4, 259:

ignavum, fucos, pecus a praesepibus arcent,

id. A. 1, 435:

genus ignavum quod lecto gaudet,

Juv. 7, 105.— Subst.:

cedentibus ignavis et imbecillis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32:

in bello poena ignavis ab imperatoribus constituitur,

id. Caecin. 16, 46:

in victoria vel ignavis gloriari licet, adversae res etiam bonos detractant,

Sall. J. 53 fin.; cf.:

gloriam, honorem, imperium bonus ignavus aeque sibi exoptant,

id. C. 11, 2:

favimus ignavo,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 73.—

With gen.:

legiones operum et laboris ignavae,

Tac. A. 11, 18; cf.:

possis ignavus haberi et subiti casus improvidus, si, etc.,

Juv. 3, 272.

Transf.

Of inanim. and abstr. things (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae vitia non sunt senectutis, sed inertis, ignavae, somniculosae senectutis,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 36:

nemora,

i. e. unfruitful, Verg. G. 2, 208:

globus,

i. e. immovable, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 33; cf.

gravitas,

Ov. M. 2, 821:

stagna jacentis aquae,

Luc. 5, 442:

ignavo stupuerunt verba palato,

i. e. speechless, Ov. Am. 2, 6, 47:

mora,

id. A. A. 1, 186:

anni,

spent in idleness, id. Am. 1, 15, 1; cf.

otia,

id. Tr. 1, 7, 25:

septima lux,

i. e. the Jewish Sabbath, Juv. 14, 106: ignavum conferunt stipendium, only money, not soldiers, arms, etc., Vell. 2, 39, 1:

sucus meconium vocatur, multum opio ignavior,

weaker, less efficacious, Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 202: quorundam flos tantum jucundus, reliquae partes ignavae, ut violae ac rosae, without smell, id. 21, 7, 18, § 37:

cornicula ante oculos ignava,

i. e. of no use, id. 11, 28, 34, § 100:

ignavum est rediturae parcere vitae,

Luc. 1, 492.—

Of things that produce inactivity or indolence, that renders slothful or inactive: nec nos impediet illa ignava ratio, quae dicitur: appellatur enim quidam a philosophis argos logos, cui si pareamus, nihil omnino agamus in vita. Sic enim interrogant:

Si fatum tibi est, etc.... Recte genus hoc interrogationis ignavum et iners nominatum est, quod eadem ratione omnis e vita tolletur actio,

relaxing, Cic. Fat. 12, 28 sq.:

frigus,

Ov. M. 2, 763:

aestus,

id. ib. 7, 529:

dolor,

Plin. 11, 18, 20, § 64.—Hence, adv. in two forms, ignāvē and ignā-vĭter.

Ignave, sluggishly, slothfully, without spirit:

ne quid abjecte, ne quid timide, ne quid ignave, ne quid serviliter muliebriterve faciamus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 55:

dicere multa,

flatly, tamely, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 67.—

Ignaviter, lazily, sluggishly, tardily: ignaviter quaerere, Lucil. ap. Non. 513, 14; Quadrig. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2.—

Comp.:

carpere ignavius herbas,

Verg. G. 3, 465.

languĕo, ēre, 2, v. n. [root lag-; Gr. lagaros, lagnos, lewd; Lat. laxare, lactes; cf. Sanscr. lang-a, prostitute; Gr. lagôs, hare, lagones, the flanks, womb], to be faint, weary, languid (cf.: languesco, marceo, torpeo).

Lit.

In gen.:

cum de via languerem,

was fatigued with my journey, Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

per assiduos motus languere,

to be wearied, Ov. H. 18, 161.— Poet.:

flos languet,

droops, Prop. 4 (5), 2, 46; Val. Fl. 7, 24 al.:

languet aequor,

the sea is calm, Mart. 10, 30, 12:

lunae languet jubar,

is enfeebled, obscured, Stat. Th. 12, 305.—

In partic., to be weak, faint, languid from disease ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

languent mea membra,

Tib. 3, 5, 28:

tristi languebunt corpora morbo,

Verg. G. 4, 252:

sub natalem suum plerumque languebat,

Suet. Aug. 81: si te languere audierimus, Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 fin.:

ego langui et aegrotavi per dies,

Vulg. Dan. 8, 27; Luc. 7, 10; cf. languesco.—

Trop., to be languid, dull, heavy, inactive, listless:

languet juventus, nec perinde atque debebat in laudis et gloriae cupiditate versatur,

Cic. Pis. 33, 82:

nec eam solitudinem languere patior,

to pass in idleness, to be wasted, id. Off. 3, 1, 3:

otio,

id. N. D. 1, 4, 7; cf.:

in otio hebescere et languere,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

si paululum modo vos languere viderint,

to be without energy, Sall. C. 52, 18:

languet amor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 436:

mihi gratia languet,

Sil. 17, 361.—Hence, languens, entis, P. a., faint, weak, feeble, inert, powerless, inactive, languid:

incitare languentes,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; cf.: commovere languentem id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:

nostris languentibus atque animo remissis,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14: languenti stomacho esse, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:

irritamentum Veneris languentis,

Juv. 11, 167:

vox languens,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133:

cor,

Cat. 64, 97:

hyacinthus,

drooping, Verg. A. 11, 69; so,

ramus,

Suet. Aug. 92.

languesco, gŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [langueo], to become faint, weak, languid (class.; syn.: torpesco, marcesco).

Lit.

In gen.:

corpore languescit,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 65:

orator metuo ne languescat senectute,

id. de Sen. 9, 28:

corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39; Plin. Pan. 18:

vites languescunt,

Plin. 18, 15, 37, § 138:

cum flos, succisus aratro, languescit moriens,

droops, withers, Verg. A. 9, 436: Bacchus in amphora Languescit, becomes mild or mellow, Hor. C. 3, 16, 34:

luna languescit,

becomes obscured, Tac. A. 1, 28:

color in luteum languescens,

inclining to, Plin. 27, 13, 109, § 133.—

In partic., to be enfeebled by disease, to be ill, to languish ( poet. and post-Aug.):

nec mea languescent corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39:

ter omnino per quatuordecim annos languit,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

Trop., to grow languid, listless, or inactive, to decline, decrease:

consensus populi, si nos languescimus debilitetur necesse est,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 4:

Martia legio hoc nuntio languescet et mollietur,

id. ib. 12, 3, 8:

quare non est, cur eorum spes infringatur aut languescat industria,

should relax, id. Or. 2, 6:

militaria studia,

are on the decline, Plin. Pan. 18:

affectus omnes,

Quint. 11, 3, 2:

mens languescit,

id. 1, 2, 18: omnium rerum cupido languescit, cum facilis occasio est, Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 1:

paulatim atrocibus irae languescunt animis,

Sil. 13, 325:

illa rabies languit,

Luc. 7, 246.

languĭdus, a, um, adj. [langueo], faint, weak, dull, sluggish, languid (class.; cf.: lassus, fessus, fatigatus, defessus).

Lit.

In gen.:

homines vino languidi,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; cf.:

vino vigiliisque languidus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 31:

pecus,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 39:

boves Collo trahentes languido,

Hor. Epod. 2, 64.— Transf., of things:

(oculi) languidi et torpentes,

dull, Quint. 11, 3, 76; cf.:

vultus non languidus,

id. 11, 3, 159:

flumen,

sluggish, Hor. C. 2, 14, 17; so,

aqua,

Liv. 1, 4:

ventus,

gentle, mild; Ov. P. 2, 1, 2; cf.

carbasa,

hanging loose, not swelled out, Luc. 5, 421:

color,

pale, Plin. 12, 12, 26, § 43:

ignis,

id. 34, 8, 17, § 79:

ictus venarum,

id. 11, 37, 88, § 219:

arbor piri,

Pall. Febr. 25, 4; id. Novem. 7, 14.— Comp.:

languidioribus nostris vallum scindere (hostes),

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

folia languidiora,

Plin. 22, 20, 24, § 50:

vina,

i. e. more mellow, Hor. C. 3, 21, 8.—

In partic., faint, weak, languid from sickness, languishing, ill ( poet. and in postAug. prose): lumina, Laurea Tullius poët. ap. Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 8:

languidior noster si quando est Paulus,

Mart. 9, 86:

uxor,

Juv. 1, 122.— Subst.: languĭdus, i, m., the sick man, invalid, Vulg. Johan. 5, 7; id. Matt. 14, 14 al.—

Trop., faint, feeble, powerless, inactive, listless, of persons and things:

senectus languida atque iners,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26:

philosophus mollis, languidus, enervatus,

id. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

si qui antea aut alieniores fuerant aut languidiores,

more sluggish, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16; cf.:

nos etiam languidiores postea facti sumus,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 21:

illi beati, quos nullae futtiles laetitiae exultantes languidis liquefaciunt voluptatibus,

id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

esse remisso ac languido animo,

id. B. C. 1, 21:

languidiore credo studio in causa fuistis,

Cic. Lig. 9, 28:

oratio languidior,

Quint. 4, 1, 67:

auctoritas patrum,

weak, Plin. 15, 29, 36, § 121:

Romani... fessi lassique erant: tamen instructi intentique obviam procedebant. Nam dolus Numidarum nihil languidi neque remissi patiebatur,

Sall. J. 53, 6:

oculos ubi languida pressit quies,

producing languor, Verg. A. 12, 908.— Sup. seems not to occur. —Hence, adv.: languĭdē, in a languid manner, faintly, feebly, slowly, languidly (class.):

procedere,

Col. 11, 1, 17:

nutare,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 53:

agere,

Petr. 98:

palmae languide dulces,

slightly, Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 34. — Comp.:

languidius in opere versari,

Caes. B. G. 7, 27:

dictum languidius,

more faintheartedly, spiritlessly, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 25.— Sup. seems not to occur.

rĕ-sĭdĕo, sēdi, 2, v. n. and a. [sedeo], to sit back, remain sitting anywhere (cf. resisto); to remain behind, to remain, rest, linger, tarry, abide, reside (syn. remaneo; class.).

Lit.:

sine mente animoque nequit residere per artus pars ulla animai,

Lucr. 3, 398:

piger pandi tergo residebat aselli,

Ov. F. 3, 749:

in tergo,

id. M. 10, 124; cf.:

Acidis in gremio (latitans),

resting, id. ib. 13, 787:

in hoc facto de cautibus antro,

residing, id. ib. 1, 575; cf.:

Erycina Monte suo residens,

id. ib. 5, 364:

in villā,

Cic. Mil. 19, 51:

si te interfici jussero, residebit in re publicā reliqua conjuratorum manus,

id. Cat. 1, 5, 12:

corvus altā arbore residens,

Phaedr. 1, 13, 4 (but the correct read., Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 9, is residamus; v. Madv. ad h. l.).— In perf.:

Lydum patriis in terris resedisse, Tyrrheno datum novas ut conderet sedes,

Tac. A. 4, 55:

in oppido aliquo mallem resedisse, quoad arcesserer,

Cic. Att. 11, 6, 2:

erravitne viā seu lassa resedit, Incertum,

remained behind, Verg. A. 2, 739; cf.:

fessus valle,

id. ib. 8, 232:

lassus in humo,

Ov. A. A. 3, 3, 696:

medio rex ipse resedit Agmine,

id. M. 7, 102:

orba resedit Exanimes inter natos natasque,

id. ib. 6, 301:

saxo resedit Pastor,

id. Tr. 4, 1, 11. — Act. (very rare):

dorsum meum residebat,

App. M. 8, p. 209, 23. —

To sit up, assume a sitting posture (late Lat.):

et resedit qui erat mortuus,

Vulg. Luc. 7, 15. —

Meton., to sit inactive, to remain idle or listless (rare):

artifex cum exprimere vellet Athamantis furorem Learcho filio praecipitato residentis poenitentiā,

sitting listlessly subdued by remorse, Plin. 34, 14, 40, § 140:

miles residet,

Petr. 112. — Hence, act., to keep or celebrate a holiday:

venter gutturque resident esuriales ferias (v. esurialis),

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 8. — Pass.:

nec vero tam denicales (quae a nece appellatae sunt, quia residentur mortuis) quam ceterorum caelestium quieti dies Feriae nominarentur,

because they are kept in honor of the dead, Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55 Creuz (codd. leg. residentur mortui; B. and K. resident mortui; cf.I.supra).—

Trop., to remain behind, remain, be left (a favorite word with Cic.; syn.: resto, supersum); constr most freq., in aliquā re:

in corpore perspicuum est, vel exstincto animo vel elapso, nullum residere sensum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 104; cf. id. Fam. 5, 16, 4:

si ex tanto latrocinio iste unus tolletur, periculum residebit,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 31:

ne quas inimicitias residere in familiis nostris arbitretur,

id. Att. 14, 13, B, § 4; cf.:

in vobis resident mores pristini,

Plaut. Truc. prol. 7:

qui ullas resedisse in te simultatis reliquias senserit,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 8:

si quid amoris erga me in te residet,

id. Fam. 5, 5, 3:

etiam nunc residet spes in virtute tuā,

id. ib. 12, 3, 2:

quorum non in sententiā solum, sed etiam in nutu residebat auctoritas,

id. Sen. 17, 61:

quorum in consilio pristinae residere virtutis memoria videtur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77.—With dat.:

cum horum tectis et sedibus residere aliquod bellum semper videtur,

Cic. Dom. 23, 61.— With apud:

apud me plus officii residere facile patior,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 2:

hujus incommodi culpa ubi resideat, facilius possum existimare quam scribere,

id. Att. 1, 17, 3:

si qua (ira) ex certamine residet,

Liv. 40, 7. — Business t. t., to be or remain behind, i. e. to be unaccounted for, in default:

pecunia publica resedit apud aliquem,

Dig. 8, 13, 4, § 3.

torpĕo, ēre, v. n. [Sanscr. root tarp-, to sate; Gr. terpô], to be stiff, numb, motionless, inactive, torpid, sluggish, etc. (syn.: langueo, languesco, stupeo, rigeo).

Lit.:

torpentes gelu,

Liv. 21, 56, 7; 21, 55, 8; cf.:

digitus torpens frigore,

Suet. Aug. 80:

languidi et torpentes oculi,

Quint. 11, 3, 76:

torpentes rigore nervi,

Liv. 21, 58, 9:

membra torpent,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 168; cf.:

torpentes membrorum partes,

id. 24, 4, 7, § 13:

torpent infractae ad proelia vires,

Verg. A. 9, 499:

duroque simillima saxo Torpet,

Ov. M. 13, 541:

quid vetat et nervos magicas torpere per artes?

id. Am. 3, 7, 35:

serpentes torpentes inveniantur,

Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 148:

hostem habes aegre torpentia membra trahentem,

Sil. 4, 68:

non eadem vini atque cibi torpente palato Gaudia,

Juv. 10, 203; cf.:

non exacuet torpens sapor ille palatum,

Ov. P. 1, 10, 13.—

Transf., of inanim. things, to be still, motionless, sluggish:

torpentes lacus,

Stat. Th. 9, 452:

amnis,

id. ib. 4, 172:

locus depressus hieme pruinis torpet,

Col. 1, 4, 10:

Orpheus tacuit torpente lyrā,

Sen. Med. 348:

antra Musarum longo torpentia somno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, praef. 51; 1, 262.—

Trop., to be stupid, stupefied, astounded; to be dull, listless, inactive (cf. stupeo):

timeo, totus torpeo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 179; cf.:

timore torpeo,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 50:

torpentibus metu qui aderant,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

deum volumus cessatione torpere,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 102:

quidnam torpentes subito obstupuistis Achivi? id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: torpentes metu,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

defixis oculis animoque et corpore torpet?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 14:

cum Pausiacā torpes tabellā,

when you are lost in admiration, id. S. 2, 7, 95:

nec torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno,

Verg. G. 1, 124:

frigere ac torpere senis consilia,

Liv. 6, 23, 7:

consilia re subitā,

id. 1, 41, 3:

torpebat vox spiritusque,

id. 1, 25, 4:

Tyrii desperatione torpebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 16:

rursus ad spem et fiduciam erigere torpentes,

id. 4, 10, 7; 4, 14, 13.

torpesco, pŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [torpeo], to grow stiff or numb, to become useless or torpid.

Lit.:

pars corporis torpescit,

Plin. 11, 37, 89, § 220:

elaeomeli qui bibere, torpescunt,

id. 23, 4, 50, § 96:

scorpiones visā lychnide torpescunt,

id. 21, 26, 98, § 171:

torpuerat gelido lingua retenta metu,

Ov. H. 11, 82:

torpuerant molles ante dolore genae,

id. ib. 10, 44:

quid tot dextrae? torpescent in amentiā illā?

Liv. 23, 9, 6.—

Transf., to become dull, grow dim:

(margaritae) flavescunt et illae senectā rugisque torpescunt,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109.—

Trop., to become listless, dull, inactive, indolent, etc.:

ne per otium torpescerent manus aut animus,

Sall. C. 16, 3; cf.:

ingenium incultu atque socordiā torpescere sinunt,

id. J. 2, 4:

deliciis et desidia torpescere,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

vigor cogebatur senio torpescere rerum,

Sil. 16, 14.